The idea of a sponge city is to make cities more permeable, to hold and use the water which falls upon it, much like the natural sponge. A wide range of benefits are associated with the implementation of sponge cities; however, the main challenge lies in the implementation and availability of land because a sponge city needs to be abundant with spaces that allow water to seep through them.

For any efficient Public Transit system, ridership is an important factor. In India, majority of the cities rely on public transport. However, the public bus transit system is often inadequate and is in constant need of improvement. There seems to be no explicit ridership strategy in India, both at national and sub-national levels. The decline in bus ridership has been a common phenomenon across most Indian cities.

If done right, these forests can have massive benefits, but sticking the wrong trees in the wrong soils can prove to be equally harmful. Some reports claim that due to the rapid spread of this method in India, a majority of Miyawaki projects have been executed without the basic foundations. Another area of concern is lack of adequate space to create these urban forests.